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well this talk grew out of a book that I

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published a couple of years ago called

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the Gothic and I will be talking about

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consciousness having to do with this

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theory in the talk this afternoon but it

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stems from the discovery of the last Oh

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20 years or so that our universe seems

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to be a very finely tuned place I'm not

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going to go through these in any detail

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but these are nine properties of the

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universe that pretty much today

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astrophysicists agree are rather

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remarkably finely tuned to make it

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possible for life to evolve in the

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universe they are the ratio of the

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gravitation with the Coulomb force

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strength of the nuclear force if that

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one were 10 or 20% higher or lower than

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it is we wouldn't have stars a certain

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carbon resonance that allows carbon to

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form in the interiors of stars which of

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course is necessary for life the

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expansion property of water upon

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freezing the fact that neutron is

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slightly heavier than the proton and not

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the other way around the average density

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of matter in the universe the strength

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of dark energy quantum clumping and the

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slight prevalence of matter over

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antimatter when the universe formed now

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all of these taken together could have

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been rather different than what they are

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and if they were we wouldn't be here no

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word other life be here but they are

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burg rather finely tuned and there are

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two explanations for this which I'll

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talk about next but first to mention

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that in current Astrophysical theory we

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think that the universe went through a

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tremendous period of inflation before it

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settled down into the rather slow

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expansion that we now call the Hubble

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expansion that is characterizing the

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universe in the first 10 to the minus 34

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seconds or thereabouts and that's sort

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of a billionth of a billionth of a

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billionth of a millionth of a second the

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universe expanded tremendously into a

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region of well it became a region of

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space that led to the formation of our

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universe and perhaps even other

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universes so the idea that there could

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be other universes forming out of this

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inflation function leads to the

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explanation that maybe our universe is

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not really special it's only that there

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are lots and lots of other universes

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that came out of this inflationary

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period in fact there may be literally an

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infinite number of other universes that

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came out of this inflationary period and

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therefore there must be a whole

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distribution whole ensemble of different

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laws and constants of nature that

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characterize these different universes

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and ours is the one we happen to be able

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to live in we wouldn't be

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any of the others because we couldn't

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have arisen in them and so this

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multiverse explanation for why our

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universe is finely tuned is the one that

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you'll find in mainstream astrophysics

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and there are books out on this by by

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people such as Sir Martin Rees the

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astronomer royal Leonard Susskind the

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Stanford physicist and one of the

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fathers of string theory and it's a

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perfectly plausible explanation that

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we're not special it's just that we are

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part of an ensemble of a huge vast

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number of other universes that

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unfortunately we can never see we can

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never directly detect we can never

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measure the other alternative of course

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the alternative is that there is an

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intelligence with a purpose behind the

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laws of nature not at all something

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having to do with intelligent design by

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the way but having to do with dreaming

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into existence the laws of nature and

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constants that would lead to a life

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friendly universe not just life on Earth

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I'm assuming but presumably life on many

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other planets around lots of other stars

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and lots of other galaxies in fact even

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Sir Fred Hoyle toward the end of his

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life called universe and obvious fix we

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looked at the the properties of the

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universe so I began to think about the

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notion that maybe the universe is the

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way it is because there's a conscious

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intelligence behind it

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behind the the origin of the universe

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this is Sir James Gene's one of the the

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prominent astrophysicists of the first

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half of the last century and he wrote

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about this he says the universe begins

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to look more like a great thought than

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like a great machine mine no longer

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appears as an accidental intruder into

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the realm of matter we are beginning to

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think that we ought rather to hail it

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that his mind as the creator and

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governor of the realm of matter and so

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he was proposing that there's an

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intelligence behind the universe

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to make it be the sort of special place

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that we're now we've really determined

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with great precision that it appears to

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be another of brilliant astrophysicist

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from that same era Sir Arthur Eddington

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here he is with Einstein and in ten was

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the one who made Einstein famous and you

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can see on the left side the headlines I

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seem to have lost the other point are

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there it is the headlines from the New

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York Times when the discovery was made

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that the the Sun causes the bending of

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starlight during the Eclipse of 1919

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lights all askew in the heavens men of

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science more or less a gog of results of

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eclipse observations Einstein theory

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triumphs a book for twelve wise men

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this is what made Einstein famous and it

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was Sir Arthur Eddington who led that

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Eclipse expedition to príncipe in 1919

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that made the observation Sir Arthur

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Eddington was a brilliant man probably

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the predominant and the most prominent

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astrophysicist of the first half of the

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last century and he wrote as many books

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one of them the mathematical theory of

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relativity which was a the exposition of

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general relativity the first textbook on

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that which by the way I also used when I

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was a graduate student back in the 1970s

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and 1980s the original edition came out

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in 1923 he was also the one who proposed

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the thermonuclear reactions as the basis

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for the the energy of stars a brilliant

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man he also wrote however science and

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the unseen world because he was also a

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mystic it was a Quaker animistic and he

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asked the question therein are we in

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pursuing the mystical outlook facing the

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hard facts of experience surely we are

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and so he was not not ashamed to write

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about and talk about his view that in

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fact there's more to the reality more to

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reality than simply the physical

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universe now as it turns out there is

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more reason than ever today to take

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seriously the notion that consciousness

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is not some epiphenomena byproduct of

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life arising through evolution but

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rather the consciousness is a primary

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primary formative element in the

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universe and in fact consciousness is

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the basis of the universe this is

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another book that just came out a couple

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of years ago by a couple of physicists

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at the University of California Santa

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Cruz in fact one of them Bruce

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rosenbloom was the chair of the

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department and what they've done is to

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write a book for undergraduates or

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anyone interested in the philosophy of

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quantum physics the idea being that

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there are the interpretation of quantum

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physics has now gotten us to the point

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where it's really necessary to invoke

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consciousness as the the necessary

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ingredient to make reality happen to

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shape reality at the quantum level

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conscious is something you can't do

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without that's what we're going to be

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talking about during the rest of the

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presentation let me give you a few

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quotes from the book quantum theory is

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the most stop stunningly successful

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theory in all of science

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not a single one of its predictions has

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ever been proven wrong so quantum

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mechanics quantum theory really is a a

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wonderfully valid one wonderfully robust

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theory however quantum experiments hint

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at a worldview that has not yet been

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grasped the existence of something

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beyond what we usually consider physics

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beyond what we usually consider the

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physical world and they wrote this sort

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of thing with you can read in the books

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their trepidation of putting ideas like

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this out because they're afraid of being

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criticized by their colleagues for

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putting a sort of New Age fuzzy-wuzzy

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kinds of notions out there that might

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confuse people into thinking that

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somehow physics proves that there's God

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it doesn't of course and I'm not about

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to say that

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and it's lecture either but what physics

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does do today at the quantum level and

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therefore at all higher levels I think

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is to require that consciousness is

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necessary element in creating reality at

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that in the measurement of things at the

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quantum phase the other point they made

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which I had not really appreciated was

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that to really understand the

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philosophical implications of quantum

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physics you don't have to be a physicist

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you don't have to know the mathematics

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at all of quantum physics to appreciate

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the conundrum in quantum mechanics of

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requiring an observer with consciousness

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to actually make things happen

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you can perfectly well engage in

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philosophical discussions of quantum

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physics by understanding quantum physics

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at a qualitative level the the operators

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the the hilbert spaces all of that

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that's fine if you're going to

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manipulate equations and you know solve

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quantum problems but in terms of

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understanding what quantum physics

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really implies philosophically you don't

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need any of that you can be an

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undergraduate having taken this course

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with some deep thinking about what it

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means and discuss with other people and

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with physicists what it all means with

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some level of credibility and with you

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no no no less a deep understanding of

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what it means than if you can manipulate

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all the mathematics of quantum theory

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which is quite formidable which I've had

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some experience with both positively and

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negatively the quantum enigma quantum

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mechanics applies to everything we can

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now manipulate individual atoms and

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here's an example from 1989 already of a

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scanning tunneling microscope

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of the IBM spelled out with individual

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atoms now what's not widely realized is

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that an atom and it's wavefunction are

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the same thing it you know when I first

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started studying quantum physics I

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thought that the wave function which is

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the thing that the fuzzy thing that

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describes sort of where you're going to

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find a party when we make a measurement

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that that wave function is something to

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sort of over and above the particle that

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it's there and the particle is sort of

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jostled around or somehow is spread out

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within this wave function but it's

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actually the case that the wave function

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is the object and when you collapse the

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wave function you're causing the object

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to appear in a certain place and it's

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not a separate thing at all this is a

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very key aspect of quantum physics

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that's usually not appreciate even by

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people that you know get degrees in

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physics and are not necessarily quantum

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00:09:48,870 --> 00:09:46,930
experts you know but they have spent

278
00:09:51,030 --> 00:09:48,880
quite a bit of time studying quantum

279
00:09:52,560 --> 00:09:51,040
physics it's sometimes not really

280
00:09:54,600 --> 00:09:52,570
appreciated that the wave function is

281
00:09:55,889 --> 00:09:54,610
the same thing as the the particle that

282
00:09:58,110 --> 00:09:55,899
ultimately comes out of a measurement

283
00:09:59,910 --> 00:09:58,120
and because the atom and its wave

284
00:10:01,139 --> 00:09:59,920
function of the same thing an atom can

285
00:10:02,670 --> 00:10:01,149
be in two places at once

286
00:10:05,400 --> 00:10:02,680
or three or four or actually an infinite

287
00:10:06,750 --> 00:10:05,410
number of places at once the observation

288
00:10:11,760 --> 00:10:06,760
collapsing the wave function is what

289
00:10:14,730 --> 00:10:11,770
creates literally creates the atom now

290
00:10:17,400 --> 00:10:14,740
let's give an example of the weirdness

291
00:10:19,530 --> 00:10:17,410
of a quantum measurement let's take this

292
00:10:21,990 --> 00:10:19,540
is a penny and you can slice this penny

293
00:10:25,620 --> 00:10:22,000
two ways you can slice the penny down

294
00:10:27,180 --> 00:10:25,630
the right down the middle and you can

295
00:10:29,160 --> 00:10:27,190
get the Lincoln on the front and the

296
00:10:31,980 --> 00:10:29,170
Memorial on the back or you could call

297
00:10:33,360 --> 00:10:31,990
this thing chopping the penny in half

298
00:10:34,500 --> 00:10:33,370
where you have the top half of a penny

299
00:10:36,600 --> 00:10:34,510
in the bottom half of the penny so I'll

300
00:10:39,210 --> 00:10:36,610
call this a slice and I'll call this a

301
00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:39,220
chop for the experiment the thought

302
00:10:44,310 --> 00:10:42,010
experiment assume we have a mutual

303
00:10:47,430 --> 00:10:44,320
friend called Niels mr. Fong call him

304
00:10:50,130 --> 00:10:47,440
Niels you might know why

305
00:10:52,439 --> 00:10:50,140
he has two machines the sliced chop and

306
00:10:54,060 --> 00:10:52,449
mail-out pennies one machine is labeled

307
00:10:56,460 --> 00:10:54,070
classical and the others label quantum

308
00:10:58,620 --> 00:10:56,470
now when he sets the classical machine

309
00:11:00,569 --> 00:10:58,630
to slice the cut is parallel through the

310
00:11:02,280 --> 00:11:00,579
penny such you wind up with two thin

311
00:11:03,990 --> 00:11:02,290
coins one is Lincoln on one side the

312
00:11:06,329 --> 00:11:04,000
other has Lincoln Memorial on on the

313
00:11:08,170 --> 00:11:06,339
other side when he sets the classical

314
00:11:09,820 --> 00:11:08,180
machine to chop the chop

315
00:11:12,160 --> 00:11:09,830
perpendicular to the penny resulting in

316
00:11:13,240 --> 00:11:12,170
two Halfmoon shape at Penny's wonderful

317
00:11:15,850 --> 00:11:13,250
Incan said the other was Lincoln

318
00:11:18,310 --> 00:11:15,860
shoulders so now he takes the 2 sliced

319
00:11:21,300 --> 00:11:18,320
pennies so the two the two sliced

320
00:11:23,680 --> 00:11:21,310
pennies on the top it takes those and

321
00:11:25,389 --> 00:11:23,690
puts one in an envelope label sliced

322
00:11:28,510 --> 00:11:25,399
pennies and emails one envelope to you

323
00:11:30,280 --> 00:11:28,520
and one to me now I open my envelope and

324
00:11:32,889 --> 00:11:30,290
I find a thin penny with Lincoln on it

325
00:11:34,720 --> 00:11:32,899
so I can safely infer that your envelope

326
00:11:36,519 --> 00:11:34,730
contains a thin penny with the Lincoln

327
00:11:37,750 --> 00:11:36,529
Lincoln Memorial on one side and sure

328
00:11:40,870 --> 00:11:37,760
enough when you open your envelope

329
00:11:42,660 --> 00:11:40,880
you're gonna see if I have this in my

330
00:11:45,490 --> 00:11:42,670
envelope you'll have that one all right

331
00:11:46,780 --> 00:11:45,500
well now my friend Niels takes the two

332
00:11:48,790 --> 00:11:46,790
chopped pennies and puts one in each

333
00:11:51,130 --> 00:11:48,800
envelope label chopped pennies again

334
00:11:53,199 --> 00:11:51,140
emails one to you and one to me now I

335
00:11:55,389 --> 00:11:53,209
opened my envelope and I find a penny

336
00:11:56,139 --> 00:11:55,399
with Lincoln's head in it so this is

337
00:11:58,120 --> 00:11:56,149
what's in my honey

338
00:12:00,699 --> 00:11:58,130
and sure enough I guess that you're

339
00:12:02,410 --> 00:12:00,709
gonna find the bottom half of the coin

340
00:12:04,150 --> 00:12:02,420
in yours and that's indeed what you find

341
00:12:06,610 --> 00:12:04,160
all right no big mystery here kind of

342
00:12:08,710 --> 00:12:06,620
boring now one day I get an envelope

343
00:12:10,540 --> 00:12:08,720
with the word quantum written on it

344
00:12:13,240 --> 00:12:10,550
and I figured this might be important so

345
00:12:15,370 --> 00:12:13,250
I call Niels and I ask Niels what do I

346
00:12:18,400 --> 00:12:15,380
have do I have a slice penny or a chop

347
00:12:20,019 --> 00:12:18,410
penny and he says well this time I use

348
00:12:22,920 --> 00:12:20,029
the quantum machine on this one not the

349
00:12:25,750 --> 00:12:22,930
classical machine so it's your choice I

350
00:12:27,280 --> 00:12:25,760
say oh well what do you mean you've

351
00:12:29,260 --> 00:12:27,290
already sliced or chopped the penny and

352
00:12:31,570 --> 00:12:29,270
mailed it to me I've got it in my hands

353
00:12:34,030 --> 00:12:31,580
how can I change that now he says well

354
00:12:36,640 --> 00:12:34,040
the quantum machine is special it

355
00:12:38,829 --> 00:12:36,650
processes penny and Mail's out the pairs

356
00:12:41,260 --> 00:12:38,839
and unlabeled envelopes without anybody

357
00:12:42,940 --> 00:12:41,270
looking at the pennies the process does

358
00:12:46,510 --> 00:12:42,950
not get turned into a slice or a chop

359
00:12:48,400 --> 00:12:46,520
until somebody looks at the coin do you

360
00:12:50,440 --> 00:12:48,410
mean to say I asked that I can decide

361
00:12:52,150 --> 00:12:50,450
whether I've got a sliced penny or a

362
00:12:54,819 --> 00:12:52,160
chopped penny now that envelope

363
00:12:57,480 --> 00:12:54,829
magically I will get one or the other

364
00:12:59,860 --> 00:12:57,490
that's correct says Niels and Danish and

365
00:13:01,060 --> 00:12:59,870
as soon as you open the envelope and

366
00:13:03,340 --> 00:13:01,070
look at whether you've got a sliced

367
00:13:05,650 --> 00:13:03,350
penny or a chopped penny guess what the

368
00:13:07,870 --> 00:13:05,660
other half the correct other half will

369
00:13:10,480 --> 00:13:07,880
be what your buddy over there is going

370
00:13:12,280 --> 00:13:10,490
to have in his envelope but I say it's

371
00:13:14,110 --> 00:13:12,290
already been sliced or chopped he says

372
00:13:15,490 --> 00:13:14,120
no the quantum machine only does that

373
00:13:18,370 --> 00:13:15,500
part of it only that's part of the job

374
00:13:19,900 --> 00:13:18,380
it correlates the two halves but it

375
00:13:22,090 --> 00:13:19,910
takes your consciousness to complete the

376
00:13:22,360 --> 00:13:22,100
process you get to decide which way the

377
00:13:24,480 --> 00:13:22,370
penny

378
00:13:27,820 --> 00:13:24,490
has been have when you open the envelope

379
00:13:29,740 --> 00:13:27,830
now this very same thing can be done of

380
00:13:32,620 --> 00:13:29,750
course not with real pennies but it can

381
00:13:34,510 --> 00:13:32,630
be done with with quantum objects such

382
00:13:36,160 --> 00:13:34,520
as photons yes I'm going to talk about

383
00:13:38,470 --> 00:13:36,170
next I'm going to talk about the bell

384
00:13:39,940 --> 00:13:38,480
and equality and more importantly a new

385
00:13:41,500 --> 00:13:39,950
inequality that you might never have

386
00:13:43,690 --> 00:13:41,510
heard of called the Leggett inequality

387
00:13:45,850 --> 00:13:43,700
that was recently measured and was

388
00:13:49,060 --> 00:13:45,860
actually formulated almost thirty years

389
00:13:51,310 --> 00:13:49,070
ago by by a professor Leggett who was a

390
00:13:53,050 --> 00:13:51,320
Nobel Prize winner but it wasn't tested

391
00:13:55,000 --> 00:13:53,060
until about a year and a half ago when

392
00:13:56,470 --> 00:13:55,010
an article appeared in nature that a

393
00:13:58,120 --> 00:13:56,480
measurement was made by this prominent

394
00:14:00,250 --> 00:13:58,130
quantum optics group in at the

395
00:14:02,079 --> 00:14:00,260
University of Vienna read by led by

396
00:14:03,790 --> 00:14:02,089
Anton Zeilinger in which they measured

397
00:14:05,440 --> 00:14:03,800
the Leggett inequality which actually

398
00:14:07,540 --> 00:14:05,450
goes a step deeper than the bell one and

399
00:14:09,460 --> 00:14:07,550
rules out any possible interpretation

400
00:14:13,810 --> 00:14:09,470
other than that consciousness creates

401
00:14:16,690 --> 00:14:13,820
reality when the measurement is made now

402
00:14:18,220 --> 00:14:16,700
in the quantum enigma of course you

403
00:14:20,200 --> 00:14:18,230
don't have coins but you have twin state

404
00:14:22,269 --> 00:14:20,210
photons that don't have any particular

405
00:14:24,310 --> 00:14:22,279
polarization until the polarization in

406
00:14:25,960 --> 00:14:24,320
one of them is measured so twin state

407
00:14:27,910 --> 00:14:25,970
photons can be entangled in a state of

408
00:14:29,560 --> 00:14:27,920
identical polarization but really have

409
00:14:31,420 --> 00:14:29,570
no particular polarization until you

410
00:14:33,040 --> 00:14:31,430
measure it it's the observation of the

411
00:14:36,730 --> 00:14:33,050
polarization of one of the photons as

412
00:14:38,740 --> 00:14:36,740
being say vertical or horizontal that

413
00:14:41,380 --> 00:14:38,750
instantaneously collapses both photons

414
00:14:43,030 --> 00:14:41,390
to vertical positions and that's true

415
00:14:44,860 --> 00:14:43,040
when they fly apart you create a pair of

416
00:14:46,720 --> 00:14:44,870
photons one flies this way one flies

417
00:14:49,180 --> 00:14:46,730
that way I make a measurement over here

418
00:14:50,769 --> 00:14:49,190
that measurement and the kind of

419
00:14:52,660 --> 00:14:50,779
measurement I make is determined by what

420
00:14:54,460 --> 00:14:52,670
I decide over here that measurement will

421
00:14:56,320 --> 00:14:54,470
then be reflected in what this coin over

422
00:14:57,340 --> 00:14:56,330
here is going to do even though they're

423
00:14:59,850 --> 00:14:57,350
flying a part of the speed of light

424
00:15:01,900 --> 00:14:59,860
can't communicate with each other

425
00:15:03,730 --> 00:15:01,910
quantum probability is not the

426
00:15:05,260 --> 00:15:03,740
probability of where the atom is or it

427
00:15:07,360 --> 00:15:05,270
where a photon is it is the objective

428
00:15:10,240 --> 00:15:07,370
probability of where you will find it

429
00:15:12,340 --> 00:15:10,250
the atom was not in the box if the box

430
00:15:13,750 --> 00:15:12,350
is where the atom is the atom was not in

431
00:15:16,600 --> 00:15:13,760
the box before you observed it to be

432
00:15:18,610 --> 00:15:16,610
there and Heisenberg had this to say is

433
00:15:20,230 --> 00:15:18,620
there under Heisenberg's words but the

434
00:15:22,780 --> 00:15:20,240
atom where elementary particles are not

435
00:15:25,060 --> 00:15:22,790
real they form a world of potentialities

436
00:15:29,680 --> 00:15:25,070
or possibilities rather than one effects

437
00:15:33,670 --> 00:15:29,690
or things or facts let's look at the

438
00:15:36,280 --> 00:15:33,680
Bell inequality if you have a quantum

439
00:15:38,410 --> 00:15:36,290
object that has a spin

440
00:15:40,360 --> 00:15:38,420
then you can choose to measure the spin

441
00:15:41,620 --> 00:15:40,370
in any given direction and what you'll

442
00:15:42,730 --> 00:15:41,630
find is that whatever direction you

443
00:15:45,129 --> 00:15:42,740
choose as spinning is going to be either

444
00:15:46,960 --> 00:15:45,139
up or down by up I mean if it's spinning

445
00:15:48,550 --> 00:15:46,970
like this the access points up it is

446
00:15:50,680 --> 00:15:48,560
spinning like that the access points

447
00:15:52,569 --> 00:15:50,690
down so you have a you actually have two

448
00:15:54,280 --> 00:15:52,579
particles that are entangled with each

449
00:15:55,900 --> 00:15:54,290
other and I'll tell you in a second why

450
00:15:57,639 --> 00:15:55,910
we have two instead of one so one of

451
00:15:59,740 --> 00:15:57,649
them flies off in one direction I choose

452
00:16:02,110 --> 00:15:59,750
to measure its spin say in this

453
00:16:04,120 --> 00:16:02,120
direction and call that direction hey so

454
00:16:05,860 --> 00:16:04,130
I measure that now there are also two

455
00:16:08,139 --> 00:16:05,870
other directions I could could measure a

456
00:16:09,670 --> 00:16:08,149
B and C they're arbitrary I can choose

457
00:16:10,930 --> 00:16:09,680
them in any way I want to but there are

458
00:16:12,490 --> 00:16:10,940
two other possible directions I could

459
00:16:12,999 --> 00:16:12,500
measure but having measured this one

460
00:16:14,949 --> 00:16:13,009
direction

461
00:16:17,170 --> 00:16:14,959
quantum theory says I can't measure the

462
00:16:18,730 --> 00:16:17,180
second one but I can measure the second

463
00:16:20,620 --> 00:16:18,740
one indirectly because if the two

464
00:16:22,689 --> 00:16:20,630
particles were entangled its partner

465
00:16:24,759 --> 00:16:22,699
over here is guaranteed to have the

466
00:16:26,019 --> 00:16:24,769
opposite spin sometimes the same

467
00:16:27,910 --> 00:16:26,029
sometimes the opposite depending on

468
00:16:29,800 --> 00:16:27,920
which which kind of particle you choose

469
00:16:31,509 --> 00:16:29,810
let's assume it's exactly the opposite

470
00:16:33,189 --> 00:16:31,519
spin now I can make a measurement on

471
00:16:35,319 --> 00:16:33,199
this one in some other directions in

472
00:16:37,540 --> 00:16:35,329
second Direction call it B and I know

473
00:16:39,790 --> 00:16:37,550
then that if I measure this one to be in

474
00:16:41,889 --> 00:16:39,800
that direction then this one over here

475
00:16:43,660 --> 00:16:41,899
would be in this one the opposite

476
00:16:45,970 --> 00:16:43,670
direction so I determined to directions

477
00:16:47,680 --> 00:16:45,980
for this particle over here by virtue of

478
00:16:49,389 --> 00:16:47,690
a direct measurement and by virtue of a

479
00:16:51,639 --> 00:16:49,399
measurement of its partner in a

480
00:16:53,920 --> 00:16:51,649
different direction so I can write out

481
00:16:58,210 --> 00:16:53,930
these probabilities the probability of

482
00:17:00,970 --> 00:16:58,220
measuring probability of measuring say

483
00:17:03,220 --> 00:17:00,980
spin up in Direction a and spin down and

484
00:17:05,649 --> 00:17:03,230
direction B is the probability measuring

485
00:17:07,870 --> 00:17:05,659
spin up in Direction a down in Direction

486
00:17:09,760 --> 00:17:07,880
b-plus in direction C which I don't know

487
00:17:12,010 --> 00:17:09,770
which I never measured and again the

488
00:17:15,549 --> 00:17:12,020
plus the probability of spin up being

489
00:17:17,590 --> 00:17:15,559
positive in a a down in B and in the

490
00:17:19,240 --> 00:17:17,600
other direction in C and as you with a

491
00:17:24,809 --> 00:17:19,250
little bit of mathematical manipulation

492
00:17:28,179 --> 00:17:24,819
you can show that this plus that equals

493
00:17:29,860 --> 00:17:28,189
that one plus something and the fact of

494
00:17:31,480 --> 00:17:29,870
the matter is that something is positive

495
00:17:33,370 --> 00:17:31,490
it's always got to be positive you can't

496
00:17:34,840 --> 00:17:33,380
have negative probabilities therefore

497
00:17:38,530 --> 00:17:34,850
this equation leads to an inequality

498
00:17:42,760 --> 00:17:38,540
that the spin in this direction a and

499
00:17:44,740 --> 00:17:42,770
Direction B plus the spin in Direction B

500
00:17:47,169 --> 00:17:44,750
and C it has to be greater than or equal

501
00:17:49,360 --> 00:17:47,179
to the spin in Direction AC so this is

502
00:17:50,150 --> 00:17:49,370
the Bell inequality this is what's

503
00:17:53,120 --> 00:17:50,160
predicted if

504
00:17:55,850 --> 00:17:53,130
particles have an intrinsic spin before

505
00:18:00,140 --> 00:17:55,860
you look at them now as it turns out

506
00:18:02,600 --> 00:18:00,150
quantum physics has a rule that says

507
00:18:05,090 --> 00:18:02,610
that if you take the spins in two

508
00:18:07,040 --> 00:18:05,100
different directions now this is the

509
00:18:10,880 --> 00:18:07,050
this is the formula that tells you what

510
00:18:12,320 --> 00:18:10,890
the probability is of finding the if you

511
00:18:14,570 --> 00:18:12,330
have a whole distribution of particles

512
00:18:17,030 --> 00:18:14,580
finding some fraction of them separated

513
00:18:19,130 --> 00:18:17,040
by some angle theta as it turns out if

514
00:18:21,380 --> 00:18:19,140
you put this formula into the belen

515
00:18:24,170 --> 00:18:21,390
equality the beltline equality is

516
00:18:26,090 --> 00:18:24,180
violated Bell inequality is not true and

517
00:18:28,670 --> 00:18:26,100
the Bell inequality is based upon the

518
00:18:30,650 --> 00:18:28,680
idea that spin is something that's

519
00:18:32,480 --> 00:18:30,660
intrinsic that's it's not dependent upon

520
00:18:34,070 --> 00:18:32,490
you're measuring it but it's there all

521
00:18:36,170 --> 00:18:34,080
along and you just choose to measure it

522
00:18:38,120 --> 00:18:36,180
so it's there when the particles were

523
00:18:40,940 --> 00:18:38,130
were joined together when they were made

524
00:18:42,200 --> 00:18:40,950
to fly apart there's the the spins in

525
00:18:43,760 --> 00:18:42,210
the different directions are inherent to

526
00:18:45,530 --> 00:18:43,770
the particles and when you choose to

527
00:18:49,310 --> 00:18:45,540
measure over here that's fine and this

528
00:18:51,020 --> 00:18:49,320
one's going to be an anti what's going

529
00:18:53,570 --> 00:18:51,030
to be in the opposite direction for any

530
00:18:55,040 --> 00:18:53,580
given spin because they were they were

531
00:18:56,570 --> 00:18:55,050
entangled here but really those spins

532
00:18:58,490 --> 00:18:56,580
belong to the particles and your

533
00:18:59,990 --> 00:18:58,500
measurement is is like a classical thing

534
00:19:02,780 --> 00:19:00,000
you look at something objectively you

535
00:19:04,490 --> 00:19:02,790
measure what it is but in fact the fact

536
00:19:06,380 --> 00:19:04,500
that the Bell inequality is violated and

537
00:19:09,050 --> 00:19:06,390
the quantum rule is followed implies

538
00:19:09,800 --> 00:19:09,060
that that spin is not really there until

539
00:19:13,250 --> 00:19:09,810
you make it happen

540
00:19:14,630 --> 00:19:13,260
the spin in a given direction is created

541
00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:14,640
by you're deciding to measure that

542
00:19:21,020 --> 00:19:17,010
direction and then that requires that

543
00:19:23,210 --> 00:19:21,030
its partner will be the in the opposite

544
00:19:25,130 --> 00:19:23,220
direction for that spin measurement and

545
00:19:26,690 --> 00:19:25,140
have its own angle of spin in a

546
00:19:29,360 --> 00:19:26,700
different direction which then this one

547
00:19:30,800 --> 00:19:29,370
would have so the Bell inequality is

548
00:19:32,690 --> 00:19:30,810
telling us or the violation of the Bell

549
00:19:36,460 --> 00:19:32,700
in equality is telling us that it's the

550
00:19:40,600 --> 00:19:36,470
observation that's creating the reality

551
00:19:43,010 --> 00:19:40,610
now as it turns out the Bell inequality

552
00:19:44,630 --> 00:19:43,020
could be violated and quantum physics

553
00:19:46,520 --> 00:19:44,640
could stay intact if you allowed

554
00:19:48,290 --> 00:19:46,530
particles to communicate with each other

555
00:19:50,540 --> 00:19:48,300
faster than the speed of light now this

556
00:19:52,520 --> 00:19:50,550
would violate special relativity but

557
00:19:55,310 --> 00:19:52,530
quantum mechanics would still be left

558
00:19:57,080 --> 00:19:55,320
intact and the notion that there is an

559
00:19:59,090 --> 00:19:57,090
underlying reality would be left intact

560
00:20:00,200 --> 00:19:59,100
if you allowed particles to communicate

561
00:20:02,780 --> 00:20:00,210
with each other faster than the speed of

562
00:20:03,950 --> 00:20:02,790
light well as it turns out the leggett

563
00:20:05,570 --> 00:20:03,960
inequality

564
00:20:07,370 --> 00:20:05,580
sort of takes away the last amount of

565
00:20:09,200 --> 00:20:07,380
freedom the last degree of freedom that

566
00:20:10,700 --> 00:20:09,210
was still left over in the Bell

567
00:20:13,400 --> 00:20:10,710
inequality that I was just talking about

568
00:20:15,680 --> 00:20:13,410
and this is a diagram of the Leggett

569
00:20:17,510 --> 00:20:15,690
inequality taken from New Scientist

570
00:20:19,190 --> 00:20:17,520
magazine and it's a fairly complicated

571
00:20:21,710 --> 00:20:19,200
one and that you're not measuring simply

572
00:20:23,300 --> 00:20:21,720
a spin here and a spin there from

573
00:20:25,070 --> 00:20:23,310
entangled particles you're taking

574
00:20:26,720 --> 00:20:25,080
entangled particles measuring a spin

575
00:20:27,920 --> 00:20:26,730
here a spin there and then you're

576
00:20:29,660 --> 00:20:27,930
measuring three elliptical polarization

577
00:20:32,090 --> 00:20:29,670
angles I don't want to go into that and

578
00:20:33,320 --> 00:20:32,100
part because it would be way above the

579
00:20:34,460 --> 00:20:33,330
level of this talk and secondly because

580
00:20:36,500 --> 00:20:34,470
I don't fully understand this yet

581
00:20:38,630 --> 00:20:36,510
because this has not been clarified in

582
00:20:40,880 --> 00:20:38,640
any qualitative way in the article and

583
00:20:42,830 --> 00:20:40,890
New Scientist nor in the anything I've

584
00:20:44,720 --> 00:20:42,840
found since that has given me an

585
00:20:46,520 --> 00:20:44,730
adequate explanation for what this what

586
00:20:49,460 --> 00:20:46,530
the details of this are but the point is

587
00:20:50,660 --> 00:20:49,470
that it's been hailed as the both by the

588
00:20:51,770 --> 00:20:50,670
group in Vienna that made the

589
00:20:54,680 --> 00:20:51,780
measurement that my New Scientist

590
00:20:56,510 --> 00:20:54,690
magazine has pretty much ruling out not

591
00:21:01,130 --> 00:20:56,520
only nonlocality

592
00:21:02,840 --> 00:21:01,140
but also realism as a an explanation for

593
00:21:05,570 --> 00:21:02,850
how particles can be correlated with

594
00:21:08,510 --> 00:21:05,580
each other and yet quantum mechanics

595
00:21:10,430 --> 00:21:08,520
predicts that the relationships between

596
00:21:12,440 --> 00:21:10,440
these measurements that you make are

597
00:21:13,910 --> 00:21:12,450
rather different quantum mechanically

598
00:21:15,110 --> 00:21:13,920
than they are if you assume that the

599
00:21:17,060 --> 00:21:15,120
particles could communicate with each

600
00:21:18,650 --> 00:21:17,070
other or that they would be if the

601
00:21:20,510 --> 00:21:18,660
particles really have these properties

602
00:21:21,680 --> 00:21:20,520
and you're simply measuring them but

603
00:21:23,060 --> 00:21:21,690
you're not creating anything when you

604
00:21:28,580 --> 00:21:23,070
make the measurement you're making a

605
00:21:29,900 --> 00:21:28,590
real objective measurement so recent

606
00:21:31,490 --> 00:21:29,910
experiments led by the group at the

607
00:21:33,380 --> 00:21:31,500
university of vienna austria provide the

608
00:21:35,450 --> 00:21:33,390
most compelling evidence yet that there

609
00:21:37,700 --> 00:21:35,460
is no objective reality beyond what we

610
00:21:40,570 --> 00:21:37,710
observe so it's really the observation

611
00:21:42,470 --> 00:21:40,580
the observation that creates the reality

612
00:21:44,590 --> 00:21:42,480
what they found is that legate's

613
00:21:46,640 --> 00:21:44,600
inequality is violated as well as bells

614
00:21:49,040 --> 00:21:46,650
even if you allow for instantaneous

615
00:21:50,840 --> 00:21:49,050
influences quantum measurements do not

616
00:21:53,030 --> 00:21:50,850
fit with the idea of an objective

617
00:21:54,500 --> 00:21:53,040
reality so as they say in in the

618
00:21:58,730 --> 00:21:54,510
magazine rather than passively observing

619
00:22:00,050 --> 00:21:58,740
it we in fact create reality now if

620
00:22:02,480 --> 00:22:00,060
quantum theory denies a straightforward

621
00:22:03,560 --> 00:22:02,490
physical reality of atoms it would also

622
00:22:05,750 --> 00:22:03,570
seem to deny the straightforward

623
00:22:08,150 --> 00:22:05,760
physical reality of chairs which are

624
00:22:10,070 --> 00:22:08,160
made of atoms now we like to think that

625
00:22:12,290 --> 00:22:10,080
the world can be divided into quantum

626
00:22:14,270 --> 00:22:12,300
and classical realms and in fact that's

627
00:22:16,960 --> 00:22:14,280
sort of the way physics operates

628
00:22:19,330 --> 00:22:16,970
practically but in fact the

629
00:22:22,659 --> 00:22:19,340
is you know only one reality here and

630
00:22:26,020 --> 00:22:22,669
the transition from quantum to macro

631
00:22:28,539 --> 00:22:26,030
reality is not not a real one in fact

632
00:22:31,210 --> 00:22:28,549
it's not not even really blurry it's

633
00:22:32,890 --> 00:22:31,220
there's one continuous law of physics

634
00:22:34,870 --> 00:22:32,900
you know it takes us from one level to

635
00:22:36,220 --> 00:22:34,880
the other you can have quantum object

636
00:22:39,070 --> 00:22:36,230
objects that are very large for example

637
00:22:41,409 --> 00:22:39,080
there is a gravitational wave detecting

638
00:22:42,970 --> 00:22:41,419
bar that weighs about a ton that has to

639
00:22:44,890 --> 00:22:42,980
be analyzed using quantum mechanics

640
00:22:46,990 --> 00:22:44,900
because of the the precision of what

641
00:22:51,159 --> 00:22:47,000
you're looking for and the precision of

642
00:22:54,370 --> 00:22:51,169
knowledge of the the the the well of

643
00:22:56,140 --> 00:22:54,380
that bar itself so a quantum options not

644
00:22:59,100 --> 00:22:56,150
necessarily one that's tiny it can be a

645
00:23:02,740 --> 00:22:59,110
huge thing the size of a well one ton

646
00:23:03,970 --> 00:23:02,750
barbell prior to the Leggett experiment

647
00:23:05,440 --> 00:23:03,980
it was thought that observation one

648
00:23:07,360 --> 00:23:05,450
object can instantaneous influence the

649
00:23:09,279 --> 00:23:07,370
behavior another object another one it's

650
00:23:11,289 --> 00:23:09,289
greatly distant even no physical force

651
00:23:13,169 --> 00:23:11,299
connects the two well it's even more

652
00:23:15,250 --> 00:23:13,179
mysterious now because what these

653
00:23:16,870 --> 00:23:15,260
experiments are telling us the Leggett

654
00:23:20,320 --> 00:23:16,880
experiments is a consciousness creating

655
00:23:22,180 --> 00:23:20,330
both realities via observation now the

656
00:23:23,799 --> 00:23:22,190
the last thing that is a rather

657
00:23:26,919 --> 00:23:23,809
mysterious about quantum physics and

658
00:23:28,149 --> 00:23:26,929
this ruling out of the notion that the

659
00:23:29,950 --> 00:23:28,159
particles can communicate with each

660
00:23:31,390 --> 00:23:29,960
other or that there is some realism in

661
00:23:33,549 --> 00:23:31,400
the particles that were measuring rather

662
00:23:34,810 --> 00:23:33,559
than being created at the point of

663
00:23:37,060 --> 00:23:34,820
measurement at the moment of measurement

664
00:23:41,320 --> 00:23:37,070
is that the observation also creates it

665
00:23:46,270 --> 00:23:41,330
back history it's possible for objects

666
00:23:49,299 --> 00:23:46,280
to say this is a wheeler time delay

667
00:23:54,039 --> 00:23:49,309
experiment that I'm thinking of if you

668
00:23:55,510 --> 00:23:54,049
let a safe quantum object encounter a

669
00:23:57,909 --> 00:23:55,520
with an effectively a beam splitter

670
00:23:59,980 --> 00:23:57,919
where it can be divided and go along two

671
00:24:02,200 --> 00:23:59,990
possible paths and there are two things

672
00:24:04,659 --> 00:24:02,210
that can happen if the object splits in

673
00:24:07,450 --> 00:24:04,669
half and goes along two paths then it's

674
00:24:09,010 --> 00:24:07,460
possible that these two paths when the

675
00:24:10,060 --> 00:24:09,020
obvious emerge will interfere with each

676
00:24:11,799 --> 00:24:10,070
other and you'll get an interference

677
00:24:13,600 --> 00:24:11,809
pattern and so if you get an

678
00:24:15,640 --> 00:24:13,610
interference pattern then you know that

679
00:24:17,409 --> 00:24:15,650
the object has been split at some point

680
00:24:20,950 --> 00:24:17,419
and gone off along two parallel paths

681
00:24:23,320 --> 00:24:20,960
and therefore this shows the

682
00:24:25,570 --> 00:24:23,330
interference pattern that that is a

683
00:24:27,130 --> 00:24:25,580
signature of that having happened the

684
00:24:29,020 --> 00:24:27,140
alternative is that the particle can go

685
00:24:30,340 --> 00:24:29,030
along one path or the other and you can

686
00:24:31,960 --> 00:24:30,350
then detect which

687
00:24:34,000 --> 00:24:31,970
it emerges from when you make your

688
00:24:36,909 --> 00:24:34,010
measurement but whether you whether the

689
00:24:38,529 --> 00:24:36,919
particle goes along one path splits and

690
00:24:40,810 --> 00:24:38,539
then along both of them and interferes

691
00:24:44,430 --> 00:24:40,820
or whether it goes along a path does a

692
00:24:46,630 --> 00:24:44,440
split that goes along a or B that

693
00:24:48,850 --> 00:24:46,640
depends upon what measurement you make

694
00:24:50,110 --> 00:24:48,860
down here so you determine down here

695
00:24:52,090 --> 00:24:50,120
when you make the measurement what the

696
00:24:54,789 --> 00:24:52,100
particle does back here when it reaches

697
00:24:56,740 --> 00:24:54,799
the beam splitter well in fact what

698
00:24:59,289 --> 00:24:56,750
you've done is sort of created backwards

699
00:25:01,090 --> 00:24:59,299
in time causation because the object has

700
00:25:03,580 --> 00:25:01,100
to do what you measure if you decide to

701
00:25:05,289 --> 00:25:03,590
detect which slit the object comes out

702
00:25:06,850 --> 00:25:05,299
of then it's not possible for that

703
00:25:08,649 --> 00:25:06,860
object to is split in two back here

704
00:25:10,630 --> 00:25:08,659
because that's not consistent with what

705
00:25:12,760 --> 00:25:10,640
you measure if you make a measurement

706
00:25:14,080 --> 00:25:12,770
that gets an interference pattern then

707
00:25:15,850 --> 00:25:14,090
that demonstrates that the object is

708
00:25:18,070 --> 00:25:15,860
gone along two paths after it's gone

709
00:25:19,899 --> 00:25:18,080
through the beam splitter but the object

710
00:25:21,549 --> 00:25:19,909
did that back here it's possible for you

711
00:25:22,990 --> 00:25:21,559
to not make your decision on which

712
00:25:24,460 --> 00:25:23,000
measurement you're going to make until

713
00:25:26,740 --> 00:25:24,470
after the object has passed that point

714
00:25:28,899 --> 00:25:26,750
of no return so once again it's the

715
00:25:30,789 --> 00:25:28,909
observation that creates the reality and

716
00:25:34,299 --> 00:25:30,799
in fact even creates the back history

717
00:25:36,909 --> 00:25:34,309
for that reality so the point of all

718
00:25:37,990 --> 00:25:36,919
this is that it certainly looks as if

719
00:25:40,630 --> 00:25:38,000
there's evidence coming out of the

720
00:25:42,640 --> 00:25:40,640
physics lab not for god but for the

721
00:25:44,860 --> 00:25:42,650
notion that consciousness is creating

722
00:25:46,299 --> 00:25:44,870
reality at the level of quantum physics

723
00:25:48,460 --> 00:25:46,309
and if it's creating reality at the

724
00:25:50,500 --> 00:25:48,470
level of quantum physics then by

725
00:25:52,060 --> 00:25:50,510
implication the rest of reality somehow

726
00:25:54,159 --> 00:25:52,070
also is being created by consciousness

727
00:25:56,169 --> 00:25:54,169
and I think consciousness is actually

728
00:25:58,000 --> 00:25:56,179
the the formative element behind the

729
00:25:59,500 --> 00:25:58,010
universe it's not that somehow it's an

730
00:26:01,600 --> 00:25:59,510
epiphenomenon coming out of our brains

731
00:26:03,340 --> 00:26:01,610
and on a matter of biochemistry taking

732
00:26:04,779 --> 00:26:03,350
place in here but rather it's

733
00:26:06,730 --> 00:26:04,789
consciousness that is the ultimate

734
00:26:09,430 --> 00:26:06,740
reality out of which everything else has

735
00:26:11,020 --> 00:26:09,440
come and that is my explanation for why

736
00:26:12,430 --> 00:26:11,030
the universe is finely tuned it's not

737
00:26:14,140 --> 00:26:12,440
certainly a proof by any means if you

738
00:26:15,730 --> 00:26:14,150
want to go away from this talk thinking

739
00:26:17,500 --> 00:26:15,740
there is a multiverse of universes and

740
00:26:19,480 --> 00:26:17,510
ours is not special and we're just one

741
00:26:21,430 --> 00:26:19,490
of an ensemble that's fine it's equally

742
00:26:22,779 --> 00:26:21,440
logical it's equally rational but I

743
00:26:24,970 --> 00:26:22,789
don't think it has any advantage over

744
00:26:29,250 --> 00:26:24,980
the notion that it's cost us all the way

745
00:26:43,330 --> 00:26:29,260
behind the universe thank you

746
00:26:53,119 --> 00:26:46,700
okay we have a nice long time for

747
00:26:58,909 --> 00:26:53,129
questions and okay I'll start with the

748
00:27:01,639 --> 00:26:58,919
guy I saw first my name is Kenny Arnett

749
00:27:06,259 --> 00:27:01,649
I'm wondering what happens on a lifeless

750
00:27:11,869 --> 00:27:06,269
planet to quantum mechanics where there

751
00:27:13,720 --> 00:27:11,879
is no consciousness around their very

752
00:27:15,830 --> 00:27:13,730
being on life let's find I don't know

753
00:27:17,450 --> 00:27:15,840
you've raised a good you've raised a

754
00:27:20,480 --> 00:27:17,460
question though that I think deserves an

755
00:27:21,769 --> 00:27:20,490
answer let me open up my computer again

756
00:27:23,239 --> 00:27:21,779
because after all I've got about a

757
00:27:24,529 --> 00:27:23,249
couple of minutes of extra time because

758
00:27:28,220 --> 00:27:24,539
I went early didn't I

759
00:27:32,239 --> 00:27:28,230
so let's see if I can find a slide here

760
00:27:34,220 --> 00:27:32,249
that I prepared is possible response to

761
00:27:39,710 --> 00:27:34,230
a question that might have come up like

762
00:27:42,649 --> 00:27:39,720
that the von Neumann chain the question

763
00:27:44,810 --> 00:27:42,659
is do you really need an observer or can

764
00:27:47,509 --> 00:27:44,820
anything and anything that interacts

765
00:27:49,519 --> 00:27:47,519
with a quantum situation constitute a

766
00:27:51,499 --> 00:27:49,529
measurement and this question looked at

767
00:27:53,720 --> 00:27:51,509
rather carefully back in 1932 already by

768
00:27:55,580 --> 00:27:53,730
John von Neumann Jonathan Newman was a

769
00:27:57,830 --> 00:27:55,590
mathematical genius he was one of the

770
00:28:01,159 --> 00:27:57,840
people that invented the the operator

771
00:28:03,109 --> 00:28:01,169
analysis of quantum mechanics and the

772
00:28:07,700 --> 00:28:03,119
operating operator formalism of quantum

773
00:28:09,109 --> 00:28:07,710
mechanics and what he showed was that

774
00:28:11,060 --> 00:28:09,119
quantum theory makes physics encounters

775
00:28:12,619 --> 00:28:11,070
with consciousness inevitable so he

776
00:28:14,060 --> 00:28:12,629
considered an apparatus a measuring

777
00:28:16,879 --> 00:28:14,070
apparatus like a Geiger counter he said

778
00:28:20,149 --> 00:28:16,889
okay now that Geiger counter whether it

779
00:28:24,009 --> 00:28:20,159
goes off or not let's see for a second

780
00:28:28,460 --> 00:28:24,019
here huh takes a measuring apparatus

781
00:28:30,859 --> 00:28:28,470
that would look at whether or not say a

782
00:28:34,039 --> 00:28:30,869
a quantum event is happening in a given

783
00:28:35,960 --> 00:28:34,049
box and you could argue well that Geiger

784
00:28:37,909 --> 00:28:35,970
counters measurement is really

785
00:28:39,019 --> 00:28:37,919
equivalent to an observer looking at

786
00:28:40,820 --> 00:28:39,029
that in the Geiger counter of course is

787
00:28:42,680 --> 00:28:40,830
not conscious so kind of Geiger counter

788
00:28:44,330 --> 00:28:42,690
substitute for a human being

789
00:28:48,170 --> 00:28:44,340
there was no what happens at the Geiger

790
00:28:51,200 --> 00:28:48,180
counters the Geiger counters state

791
00:28:53,720 --> 00:28:51,210
becomes becomes entangled with a state

792
00:28:55,340 --> 00:28:53,730
of the the quantum situations trying to

793
00:28:57,170 --> 00:28:55,350
measure if you then try to put a

794
00:29:00,020 --> 00:28:57,180
detector to measure whether the Geiger

795
00:29:01,940 --> 00:29:00,030
counter has registered or not then that

796
00:29:03,620 --> 00:29:01,950
detector becomes entangled with become

797
00:29:05,330 --> 00:29:03,630
superimposed with quantum mechanically

798
00:29:06,950 --> 00:29:05,340
with a Geiger counter the detector with

799
00:29:08,840 --> 00:29:06,960
a Geiger counter the Geiger counter with

800
00:29:10,640 --> 00:29:08,850
a quantum object and the whole thing

801
00:29:12,020 --> 00:29:10,650
forms a chain and the chain is not

802
00:29:14,900 --> 00:29:12,030
broken until a conscious observer

803
00:29:15,980 --> 00:29:14,910
decides to make a measurement and I see

804
00:29:16,910 --> 00:29:15,990
a hand going up in the back there's

805
00:29:19,100 --> 00:29:16,920
probably going to challenge that

806
00:29:21,230 --> 00:29:19,110
interpretation but this anointment chain

807
00:29:22,670 --> 00:29:21,240
is that the the explanation or the

808
00:29:24,140 --> 00:29:22,680
rationalization or the rationale I

809
00:29:26,510 --> 00:29:24,150
should say I suppose more realistically

810
00:29:28,760 --> 00:29:26,520
the rationale for why it really takes an

811
00:29:32,330 --> 00:29:28,770
observer to make a quantum event happen

812
00:29:37,700 --> 00:29:32,340
and to break the both bring about the

813
00:29:41,510 --> 00:29:37,710
vehicle here to the state dick shop let

814
00:29:43,720 --> 00:29:41,520
me just give another viewpoint on all

815
00:29:46,340 --> 00:29:43,730
this that we've talked about many times

816
00:29:50,660 --> 00:29:46,350
before just so it's on the floor

817
00:29:53,270 --> 00:29:50,670
I think the conclusions being jumped to

818
00:29:55,480 --> 00:29:53,280
in the new scientist article and a lot

819
00:29:57,590 --> 00:29:55,490
of other places are just naive and

820
00:29:59,450 --> 00:29:57,600
there's an awful lot of confusion about

821
00:30:04,040 --> 00:29:59,460
all this so let me give you my viewpoint

822
00:30:05,360 --> 00:30:04,050
you can react for two entangled

823
00:30:09,470 --> 00:30:05,370
particles take off in different

824
00:30:12,170 --> 00:30:09,480
directions they are in a state that's no

825
00:30:13,280 --> 00:30:12,180
less real than anything with a simple

826
00:30:15,050 --> 00:30:13,290
up-or-down spin

827
00:30:18,080 --> 00:30:15,060
they're in a very definite state that's

828
00:30:21,530 --> 00:30:18,090
a superpose state and in a in a Hilbert

829
00:30:23,410 --> 00:30:21,540
space that's just a vector at 45 degrees

830
00:30:26,690 --> 00:30:23,420
rather than at zero or 90 degrees

831
00:30:30,290 --> 00:30:26,700
exactly as determined or and exactly as

832
00:30:32,510 --> 00:30:30,300
real as anything else it's just not in

833
00:30:35,540 --> 00:30:32,520
on our basis it's in a definite state of

834
00:30:38,630 --> 00:30:35,550
superposition now it is true that when

835
00:30:42,020 --> 00:30:38,640
you measure that interaction changes it

836
00:30:44,990 --> 00:30:42,030
to be in an upstate or a Down state in

837
00:30:46,850 --> 00:30:45,000
it in a binary system but consciousness

838
00:30:48,260 --> 00:30:46,860
in my view has nothing whatsoever to do

839
00:30:49,730 --> 00:30:48,270
with it and von Arnim is simply wrong

840
00:30:54,290 --> 00:30:49,740
about this

841
00:30:55,869 --> 00:30:54,300
so the leap that I would object to is

842
00:30:57,999 --> 00:30:55,879
the one that says

843
00:31:00,729 --> 00:30:58,009
these phenomena which you've pretty much

844
00:31:03,059 --> 00:31:00,739
correctly described imply that the

845
00:31:05,859 --> 00:31:03,069
consciousness creates the universe

846
00:31:09,579 --> 00:31:05,869
reality that's being discussed as a very

847
00:31:12,249 --> 00:31:09,589
naive definition of reality I would say

848
00:31:13,869 --> 00:31:12,259
and our interactions do have something

849
00:31:16,809 --> 00:31:13,879
to do with what happens in the universe

850
00:31:18,639 --> 00:31:16,819
obviously but it's all out there and

851
00:31:20,589 --> 00:31:18,649
it's real whether we interact with it or

852
00:31:22,509 --> 00:31:20,599
not and the interactions that are

853
00:31:27,519 --> 00:31:22,519
involved in quantum measurement are a

854
00:31:29,229 --> 00:31:27,529
lot more prosaic than then are sometimes

855
00:31:30,459 --> 00:31:29,239
portrayed thank you well it's certainly

856
00:31:32,499 --> 00:31:30,469
something we're not going to settle here

857
00:31:34,659 --> 00:31:32,509
because it's a very deep issue I'd like

858
00:31:36,879 --> 00:31:34,669
to point out though that the the notion

859
00:31:38,979 --> 00:31:36,889
that you have a spin that objectively

860
00:31:41,379 --> 00:31:38,989
exists that you simply measure out here

861
00:31:43,529 --> 00:31:41,389
that sort of runs afoul in the idea or

862
00:31:45,369 --> 00:31:43,539
the the fact I should say that whenever

863
00:31:47,199 --> 00:31:45,379
regardless of which direction you choose

864
00:31:50,919 --> 00:31:47,209
to measure the spin in it's going to be

865
00:31:52,689 --> 00:31:50,929
a 1/2 H bar it's going to be either up

866
00:31:53,739 --> 00:31:52,699
or down it's not going to be at some

867
00:31:57,430 --> 00:31:53,749
hang we're not going to measure some

868
00:32:00,279 --> 00:31:57,440
fraction of 1/2 H bar or H bar whichever

869
00:32:03,369 --> 00:32:00,289
the spin is of the particle so it's not

870
00:32:04,629 --> 00:32:03,379
it's you are creating a reality here

871
00:32:06,309 --> 00:32:04,639
when you make a measurement because the

872
00:32:07,509 --> 00:32:06,319
object would not know that you're going

873
00:32:09,639 --> 00:32:07,519
to measure in this direction therefore

874
00:32:11,469 --> 00:32:09,649
has to be aligned this way it can't be

875
00:32:12,399 --> 00:32:11,479
that way or that way because you're

876
00:32:13,599 --> 00:32:12,409
always going to measure there an up or

877
00:32:22,809 --> 00:32:13,609
down you're never going to measure a

878
00:32:25,389 --> 00:32:22,819
fraction of that whether you've begun to

879
00:32:27,939 --> 00:32:25,399
connect these theories with human

880
00:32:29,769 --> 00:32:27,949
identity you know who we are in

881
00:32:32,939 --> 00:32:29,779
relationship to the quantum world and

882
00:32:37,599 --> 00:32:35,649
well in the book the goth area I do make

883
00:32:39,069 --> 00:32:37,609
some suggestions along those lines I

884
00:32:40,680 --> 00:32:39,079
mean that's not the the point of this

885
00:32:43,239 --> 00:32:40,690
talk I didn't want to preach about my

886
00:32:44,499 --> 00:32:43,249
metaphysics of God but since you asked

887
00:32:46,149 --> 00:32:44,509
the question I'll say a sentence or two

888
00:32:48,129 --> 00:32:46,159
about that I think that basically it's

889
00:32:49,869 --> 00:32:48,139
that the rationale behind the universe

890
00:32:51,399 --> 00:32:49,879
is that there's a consciousness that

891
00:32:52,899 --> 00:32:51,409
created the universe because that

892
00:32:55,059 --> 00:32:52,909
conscious wanted to experience what it's

893
00:32:56,649 --> 00:32:55,069
like to live in that universe as you as

894
00:32:58,119 --> 00:32:56,659
me as the animals as the plants as

895
00:33:00,159 --> 00:32:58,129
whatever aliens exist in the Andromeda

896
00:33:02,199 --> 00:33:00,169
galaxy the point of it is to create a

897
00:33:03,669 --> 00:33:02,209
universe in which life can arise

898
00:33:05,559 --> 00:33:03,679
following the laws of Darwinian

899
00:33:07,719 --> 00:33:05,569
evolution good point are when you

900
00:33:09,310 --> 00:33:07,729
evolution is a key aspect of this life

901
00:33:11,320 --> 00:33:09,320
can evolve and that conscious

902
00:33:12,610 --> 00:33:11,330
can experience its potential which is

903
00:33:14,680 --> 00:33:12,620
the experience that we're having right

904
00:33:16,810 --> 00:33:14,690
here in this room now in part so that's

905
00:33:19,029 --> 00:33:16,820
my metaphysical interpretation what how

906
00:33:20,230 --> 00:33:19,039
it relates to quantum physics at any

907
00:33:22,240 --> 00:33:20,240
level deeper than what I've said here

908
00:33:24,700 --> 00:33:22,250
today I wouldn't know and this is my my

909
00:33:27,249 --> 00:33:24,710
attempt to show that quantum physics at

910
00:33:29,169 --> 00:33:27,259
least if it quantum physics cannot prove

911
00:33:30,970 --> 00:33:29,179
the existence of God and cannot do that

912
00:33:32,889 --> 00:33:30,980
but it does certainly point to the idea

913
00:33:35,200 --> 00:33:32,899
that consciousness is a key element in

914
00:33:38,889 --> 00:33:35,210
the creation of reality and with with

915
00:33:41,289 --> 00:33:38,899
apologies to dick Schaap how does

916
00:33:44,950 --> 00:33:41,299
perception affect the consciousness of

917
00:33:46,779 --> 00:33:44,960
reality in the equation of consciousness

918
00:33:49,749 --> 00:33:46,789
creating reality how does perception

919
00:33:52,389 --> 00:33:49,759
affect it well I'd say ending on your

920
00:33:55,029 --> 00:33:52,399
head is a spin up or down I'm taking

921
00:33:56,980 --> 00:33:55,039
perception as being the what constants

922
00:33:58,330 --> 00:33:56,990
does in the making of the measurement

923
00:33:59,649 --> 00:33:58,340
process I mean that's part of

924
00:34:01,119 --> 00:33:59,659
consciousness and the consciousness

925
00:34:03,039 --> 00:34:01,129
consciousness being active in this

926
00:34:05,230 --> 00:34:03,049
process making an observation is

927
00:34:16,210 --> 00:34:05,240
perception I don't understand the

928
00:34:18,250 --> 00:34:16,220
question beyond that it's been it's

929
00:34:20,379 --> 00:34:18,260
spinning whichever way you choose to

930
00:34:21,609 --> 00:34:20,389
measure it if you choose to measure the

931
00:34:23,260 --> 00:34:21,619
spin in this direction it's gonna be

932
00:34:25,119 --> 00:34:23,270
there up or down it's not gonna be some

933
00:34:25,419 --> 00:34:25,129
fraction of that it's gonna be either up

934
00:34:27,579 --> 00:34:25,429
or down

935
00:34:29,649 --> 00:34:27,589
very mysterious you know it's not what

936
00:34:32,290 --> 00:34:29,659
you think if you spin take take a globe

937
00:34:34,300 --> 00:34:32,300
you know spinning around its axis and

938
00:34:35,829 --> 00:34:34,310
you've tilted in various directions if

939
00:34:37,240 --> 00:34:35,839
you choose to measure its spin and say

940
00:34:39,069 --> 00:34:37,250
this direction by spinning in that one

941
00:34:41,200 --> 00:34:39,079
you'll get some fractional some

942
00:34:43,359 --> 00:34:41,210
fractional value for what the projection

943
00:34:44,710 --> 00:34:43,369
of the this axis is on that one but you

944
00:34:45,819 --> 00:34:44,720
make a quantum spin measurements all

945
00:34:47,409 --> 00:34:45,829
they're always going to be up or down

946
00:34:55,569 --> 00:34:47,419
regardless of which direction you

947
00:34:58,329 --> 00:34:55,579
measure you get to choose so like if

948
00:34:59,800 --> 00:34:58,339
there is a crowd of people and there's a

949
00:35:02,500 --> 00:34:59,810
rock in the center or something

950
00:35:05,290 --> 00:35:02,510
everybody's looking at it if someone

951
00:35:09,250 --> 00:35:05,300
looked away it the rock wouldn't

952
00:35:12,870 --> 00:35:09,260
disappear so it's like you have to have

953
00:35:17,500 --> 00:35:12,880
no one watching something for it they

954
00:35:18,940 --> 00:35:17,510
kind of forgot to really be there well

955
00:35:19,990 --> 00:35:18,950
Einstein asked the same sort of question

956
00:35:22,000 --> 00:35:20,000
because my son didn't much care for

957
00:35:23,240 --> 00:35:22,010
quantum physics and so he asked one of

958
00:35:24,440 --> 00:35:23,250
his colleagues well do you really

959
00:35:27,140 --> 00:35:24,450
the moon is not there when you don't

960
00:35:28,880 --> 00:35:27,150
look at it and he was really didn't like

961
00:35:30,590 --> 00:35:28,890
quantum physics but as it turns out

962
00:35:33,220 --> 00:35:30,600
Einstein was proven wrong because the

963
00:35:35,480 --> 00:35:33,230
Bell inequality demonstrated that the

964
00:35:38,030 --> 00:35:35,490
einstein-podolsky-rosen paradox was

965
00:35:40,460 --> 00:35:38,040
indeed mistaken and so was Einstein now

966
00:35:42,380 --> 00:35:40,470
you know the question of whether things

967
00:35:43,550 --> 00:35:42,390
are not there when we're not looking I

968
00:35:45,470 --> 00:35:43,560
wouldn't want to go that far I mean

969
00:35:47,450 --> 00:35:45,480
clearly that's that's not even it

970
00:35:49,460 --> 00:35:47,460
doesn't happen though at the quantum

971
00:35:51,590 --> 00:35:49,470
level at the quantum level it certainly

972
00:35:54,500 --> 00:35:51,600
seems it seems to happen because things

973
00:35:57,050 --> 00:35:54,510
don't actually get put in their proper

974
00:35:59,360 --> 00:35:57,060
place until you make the measurement so

975
00:36:00,530 --> 00:35:59,370
I'm I guess I'm forced to say that

976
00:36:03,110 --> 00:36:00,540
there's a mystery here when you try to

977
00:36:04,520 --> 00:36:03,120
extrapolate this to our this the state

978
00:36:07,070 --> 00:36:04,530
of the universe in the state of

979
00:36:08,360 --> 00:36:07,080
ourselves a mystery that we'll just have

980
00:36:10,970 --> 00:36:08,370
to live with but it certainly points

981
00:36:12,950 --> 00:36:10,980
that way unfortunately I'm sure there

982
00:36:15,110 --> 00:36:12,960
were a lot more interesting questions

983
00:36:16,720 --> 00:36:15,120
but we're all out of time so thank you